Date of Award

Spring 5-28-2025

Document Type

Campus Access Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Arts (MA)

Department

Global Governance and Human Security

First Advisor

Stacy VanDeveer

Abstract

ABSTRACT

IRAQ-GCC RELATIONS:

BALANCING DIPLOMACY AMID SECTARIAN DIVIDES POST-2003

May 2025

Firmesk Othman Rahim, B.A., University of Sulaimani

M.A, University of Sulaimani

M.A., University of Massachusetts Boston

Directed by Professor Stacy VanDeveer

This paper explores the evolving relationship between Iraq and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) after the fall of Saddam Hussein regime. It highlights the complex relationship of diplomacy, sectarianism, and regional geopolitics between the two and the region. The paper aims to answer the question of “how has sectarian-based politics shaped the diplomatic relationships between Iraq and the Gulf Cooperation Council Post-2003?” the aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of Iraq’s new political engagement with the GCC amid the rise of new power in Iraq and the region.

The paper adopts a qualitative research approach to analyze Iraq's diplomatic engagement with the Gulf Cooperation Council across successive Iraqi governments following 2003. It draws upon a diverse range of sources, including official statements by Iraqi and GCC officials, documentation from diplomatic meetings, interviews with key political figures and analysts, as well as reports from credible media outlets.

The paper concludes that sectarianism has played a significant role in shaping GCC–Iraq diplomatic relations, particularly in the years following the 2003 regime change. It was one key reason for the initial hesitation of GCC, especially from influential states like Saudi Arabia, to immediately reestablish full diplomatic ties was the perception of a Shia-dominated political order in Iraq. The instrumentalization of sectarianism was especially evident during the first decade after 2003, influencing both rhetoric and policy. Although its impact continues to shape aspects of the relationship today, but growing economic cooperation has begun to ease tensions, offering a more constructive framework for engagement and regional reintegration.

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