The study, conducted with the collaboration of the Department of Public Welfare (DPW), focuses on the experience of 300 Latinos in Boston who began their participation in ET in the summer and fall of 1987. It follows their participation through the program until the spring of 1990. In addition, 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with a self-selected group of participants from the above sample. Interviews with contractors with large Latino caseloads (over 50%) were also conducted.

The report on Massachusetts is part of a larger series that also covers fifteen cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth. Each report analyzes data from the American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau; this report uses 2011 data.

Since ACS data are collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethno-racial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is home to an estimated 718,343 Latinos. They represent about one-tenth (10.9%) of the state population, a smaller share than for whites but greater than for blacks and Asians.

The report on Worcester is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. Worcester is a large enough city that it constitutes a PUMA by itself. The ACS thereby enables us to arrive at a demographic and economic portrait of Worcester’s Latino community.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

Worcester is the second largest city in Massachusetts and is home to an estimated 39,621 Latinos, who make up 21.9% of the city’s population. Whites constitute the largest ethno-racial group (59.9%), while blacks account for 10.3% and Asians 5.7% of the city’s population.

The report on Springfield is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. Springfield is a large enough city that it constitutes a PUMA by itself. The ACS thereby enables us to arrive at a demographic and economic portrait of Springfield’s Latino community.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

Springfield, the third largest city in Massachusetts, is home to an estimated 61,586 Latinos, who make up 40.3% of the city’s population. Whites constitute the second largest ethno-racial group (34.3%), while blacks (20.6%) and Asians (2.9%) are the other ethno-racial group with a sizable presence.

The report on Somerville and Everett is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. According to the 2010 Census, Somerville accounted for nearly two-thirds of the population in the PUMA consisting of these two cities, while Everett accounted for 35.5%. The majority of the Latino population, on the other hand, lived in Everett (52.3%), while 47.7% lived in Somerville.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethno-racial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

Somerville and Everett are home to an estimated 25,422 Latinos, who make up 21.6% of the cities’ combined population. Whites constitute the largest ethnoracial group (62.7%), while Asians account for 4.7% and blacks 8.2%.

The report on the New Bedford area is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. In the PUMA for these cities, New Bedford accounted for 53.3% of the overall population in the 2010 Census. The great majority of the PUMA’s Latino population (92.5%) lived in New Bedford. Thus, the Latino population in these cities will be referenced as New Bedford throughout this report, although the data referenced does include smaller Latino populations in other cities in the area.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

The New Bedford area is home to an estimated 15,208 Latinos, who make up 8.6% of the cities’ population. Whites constitute the largest ethno-racial group in the area (81.0%), while blacks account for 3.5% and Asians 0.9% of the population. The New Bedford area has a sizeable Other Race category, composed mainly of individuals with Cape Verdean ancestry.

The report on Salem, Beverly, Marblehead, and Swampscott is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. According to the 2010 Census, Salem and Beverly each accounted for approximately one third of the overall population in the PUMA containing these cities.

The majority of the Latino population (74.9%) lived in Salem in 2010, while 16.2% lived in Beverly. Thus, the Latino population in these cities will be referenced as the Salem-Beverly area throughout this report, although the data referenced does include smaller Latino populations in Marblehead and Swampscott as well.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethno-racial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

The Salem-Beverly area is home to an estimated 10,155 Latinos, who make up 8.3% of the area’s population. Whites constitute the largest ethno-racial group in the area (85.5%), while blacks account for 3.1% and Asians 1.7% of the population.

The report on Malden and Medford is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. In the PUMA that combines these two similar-sized cities, the majority of the Latino population live in Malden (67.1%), while 32.9% live in Medford according to the 2010 Census.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates. In contrast to Latinos in other cities, this report finds that Latinos in Malden and Medford have a demographic profile similar to whites in many of these categories.

Malden and Medford are home to an estimated 15,597 Latinos, who make up 13.5% of the cities’ population. Whites constitute the largest ethno-racial group (59.1%), while blacks account for 12.8% and Asians 11.3%.

The report on Lynn, Nahant, and Saugus is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. According to the 2010 Census, Lynn accounted for three-quarters of the population of the PUMA containing these cities (75.0%), while Nahant accounted for 2.8% and Saugus 22.1%. The great majority of the Latino population lived in Lynn (96.3%), while 3.5% lived in Saugus and 0.2 % lived in Nahant. Thus, although the Latino population will be attributed to Lynn throughout this report, the data include the smaller Latino populations in Nahant and Saugus as well.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

Lynn, Nahant, and Saugus are home to an estimated 30,142 Latinos, who account for 24.9% of the area’s population. Whites make up a larger percentage of the area’s population (59.6%), while blacks represent 7.7% and Asians represent 6.3%.

The report on Lowell is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. Lowell is a large enough city that it constitutes a PUMA by itself. The ACS thereby enables us to arrive at a demographic and economic portrait of Lowell’s Latino community.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

Lowell is the fourth largest city in Massachusetts and is home to an estimated 23,001 Latinos, who make up 21.5% of the city’s population. Whites constitute the largest ethno-racial group (49.6%), while Asians account for 22.8% and blacks represent 4.3% of the city’s population.

The report on Holyoke, Chicopee, and Easthampton is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. According to the 2010 Census, Chicopee accounted for nearly half of the population (49.7%) in the PUMA containing these cities, while Holyoke accounted for 35.9% and Easthampton 14.4%. The majority of the Latino population (68.7%) lived in Holyoke, while 29.2% lived in Chicopee and 2.1 % lived in Easthampton. Thus, the Latino statistics in this report will pertain principally to Holyoke and secondarily to Chicopee.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this series, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates. In this report, Latinos are compared primarily to non-Latino whites because the ACS did not include large enough sample sizes to produce reliable population estimates for the other ethnoracial groups.

Holyoke, Chicopee, and Easthampton are home to an estimated 27,574 Latinos, who account for 25.1% of the area’s population. Whites make up a larger percentage of the total population (69.0%), while blacks represent 2.5 % and Asians represent 1.4%.

The report on Lawrence and Methuen is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. In the PUMA that includes Lawrence and Methuen, these two cities account for nearly four-fifths of the total population and the vast majority of the area’s Latinos.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is potential error associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

The Lawrence-Methuen area is home to an estimated 68,575 Latinos, who account for 43.6% of the area’s population. This represents the highest concentration of Latinos in the state. Whites make up a larger percentage of the population (48.5%), while Asians represent 4.8% and blacks represent 1.7% of the area’s population.

The report on the Framingham area is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. In the PUMA that includes the Framingham area, the city of Framingham accounts for 64.7% of the total population, and the remainder is dispersed in small towns around Framingham.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

The Framingham area is home to an estimated 17,103 Latinos, who account for 16.2% of the area’s population. Whites make up the largest percentage of the area’s population (68.6%), while Asians represent 7.1% and blacks represent 5.9%.

The report on Chelsea, Revere, and Winthrop is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. According to the 2010 Census, Revere accounts for 49.6% of the population of the PUMA containing these cities, while Chelsea (33.7%) and Winthrop (16.8%) account for the remainder of the population. The majority of the Latino population live in Chelsea (61.5%), while 35.5% live in Revere and 3.0% in Winthrop.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this series, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethno-racial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates. In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites due to small sample sizes for the other ethno-racial groups.

Chelsea, Revere, and Winthrop are home to an estimated 42,315 Latinos, who make up 41.6% of these cities’ population. Whites constitute the largest ethnoracial group (48.9%), while blacks account for 4.0% and Asians for 2.2%.

The report on Cambridge is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. Cambridge is a large enough city that it constitutes a PUMA by itself. The ACS thereby enables us to arrive at a demographic and economic portrait of Cambridge’s Latino community.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

Cambridge is home to an estimated 7,336 Latinos, who make up 6.9% of the city’s population. Whites constitute the largest ethno-racial group (63.4%), while Asians account for 15.3%, and blacks account for 9.8% of the population.

The report on the Brockton-Abington area is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. In the PUMA for the Brockton area, the vast majority of the Latino population lived in Brockton; thus, the Latino population in the Brockton-Abington area will be attributed to Brockton itself throughout this report.

Since ACS data is collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethno-racial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

Brockton is home to an estimated 11,588 Latinos, who make up 10.0% of the area’s population. Whites constitute the largest ethno-racial group (52.6%), while the black population accounts for 30.3% and a smaller Asian population accounts for only 1.8% of the population. In addition, the Brockton area has a sizeable Other Race category that is made up mainly of individuals with Cape Verdean ancestry.

The report on Boston is part of a larger series that covers fourteen other cities, or clusters of cities, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each report analyzes data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. The city of Boston comprises five PUMAs. By aggregating them for this report, we are able to arrive at a demographic and economic portrait of Boston’s Latino community.

Since ACS data are collected from a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accompanies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.

In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethnoracial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates.

As the largest city in the Commonwealth, Boston is home to an estimated 109,115 Latinos. This represents the largest Latino population in the state, though several other cities have greater concentrations of Latinos. They represent about one-sixth (17.5%) of the city’s population, a smaller share than for whites and blacks but greater than for Asians.

• Latino students now constitute the largest racial/ethnic student group in Boston Public Schools (43.0% in SY2012) and the only racial/ethnic group to grow in numbers from SY2006 to SY2009. In SY2009, Latino students had the highest rates of poverty, mobility, chronic absence, and grade retention in Boston Public Schools.
• Latino students have some of the lowest MCAS ELA and Math pass rates in Boston Public Schools. In SY2009, White students had the highest pass rates on the MCAS ELA exams in all three grades; Black students had the lowest pass rates in Grades 4 and 8 and Latino students had the lowest in Grade 10.
• While Latino students had the largest increase in MCAS pass rates from SY2006 to SY2009, sizeable pass rate gaps remained between White and Latino students.
• Among Latinos who passed MCAS ELA or Math, sizeable proportions—and in some cases a majority—performed at the “needs improvement” level.
• Among Latinos, MCAS performance varied by key student characteristics. In SY2009, Latino students in Grades 4, 8, and 10 had lower pass rates on both the MCAS ELA and Math exams if they were male, Black, had a disability, had switched schools during the school year, were chronically absent, received at least one out-of-school suspension, or had been retained in grade that school year.